Ovarian Cancer Symptoms: What to Look For

Reviewed by the Office of Clinical Evaluation and Policy (OCEP), Evernorth

Almost 20,000 women are estimated to have ovarian cancer in the U.S. in 2022. It is usually diagnosed at late stages when the expected 5-year survival rate is only around 30%. It can be hard to detect growths in the ovaries due to the location and size of the ovaries. However, that doesn’t mean ovarian cancer can’t be discovered early. There are several signs and symptoms to watch out for that may indicate a problem with the ovaries.

There is currently no screening method that healthcare providers use to detect ovarian cancer early in women without symptoms. Women with a family history of ovarian cancer or mutations in the BRCA gene may be considered at high risk of developing ovarian cancer. Otherwise, watching for possible ovarian cancer symptoms may be the best way to get diagnosed and treated early.

Continue reading to learn more about ovarian cancer symptoms and when to see a doctor.

Signs and symptoms of ovarian cancer

Signs and symptoms of ovarian cancer are most apparent in the late stages, but some signs and symptoms can also develop in early-stage ovarian cancer. These signs and symptoms may indicate other medical health conditions. However, if any of these signs or symptoms arise suddenly, remain consistent, or last for weeks, you may want to consult with a healthcare provider.

Abdominal pain

Abdominal pain or pain around the stomach area is a common symptom of digestive conditions, such as irritable bowel syndrome. It can also be a sign of stress or menstrual cramps. Although it can be easy to chalk it up to less serious problems, it’s important not to ignore it if it doesn’t go away. If you find that the pain continues for weeks on end, you may need to be evaluated by a doctor.

Bloating

You might feel bloating or a sensation of fullness during the time leading up to a diagnosis. Many women experience bloating during their monthly cycle. However, if you experience frequent gas and heartburn that seems to last every day, you might be experiencing an early sign of ovarian cancer. If you notice that your stomach is visibly swollen (abdominal distension), you should consult with your doctor.

Urinary symptoms

Urinary symptoms, such as increased frequency (urinating often) or urgency (feeling the need to go often), could be a sign of ovarian cancer. Many women may experience urinary symptoms as a result of a urinary tract infection. However, if you experience urinary symptoms, including pain in the bladder area, you should talk to your doctor.

Other symptoms of ovarian cancer

Other symptoms can develop and signal that you should get evaluated for ovarian cancer. These symptoms may include:

• Back pain
• Constipation
• Pain during sex
• Changes in menstruation
• Fatigue
• Nausea
• Weight loss
• Feeling full quickly after eating

When you should see a doctor

At advanced stages, ovarian cancer can be challenging to treat. That’s why it’s important to see a doctor as soon as you feel you’re experiencing unusual symptoms. According to the American Cancer Society, you should see a doctor if you experience any of the above symptoms more than 12 times per month.

Many of the symptoms mentioned here can often be caused by less serious problems, so they might not be a cause for concern. Still, you shouldn’t ignore these symptoms. If you do experience symptoms, you won’t be able to diagnose ovarian cancer on your own. With the help of a cancer specialist, you can get any necessary examinations or tests to see what may be causing your symptoms.

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